„Wofür Frauen sich rechtfertigen müssen“

Es ist halt leider genau so. pic.twitter.com/qrWNGOCfEb

— ClaudiaZettel (@ClaudiaZettel) August 17, 2017

 

Nachteile von Intersektionalität: Mit zu vielen Opfergruppen sinkt die Empathie

Eine interessante Studie behandelt den „Wettbewerb der Opfer“, also eine typische Folge der Art, wie gegenwärtig Intersektionalität vertreten wird:

Groups that perceive themselves as victims can engage in “competitive victimhood.” We propose that, in some societal circumstances, this competition bears on the recognition of past sufferings—rather than on their relative severity—fostering negative intergroup attitudes. Three studies are presented. Study 1, a survey among Sub-Saharan African immigrants in Belgium (N = 127), showed that a sense of collective victimhood was associated with more secondary anti-Semitism. This effect was mediated by a sense of lack of victimhood recognition, then by the belief that this lack of recognition was due to that of Jews‘ victimhood, but not by competition over the severity of the sufferings. Study 2 replicated this mediation model among Muslim immigrants (N = 125). Study 3 experimentally demonstrated the negative effect of the unequal recognition of groups‘ victimhood on intergroup attitudes in a fictional situation involving psychology students (N = 183). Overall, these studies provide evidence that struggle for victimhood recognition can foster intergroup conflict.

Quelle: Competition over collective victimhood recognition: When perceived lack of recognition for past victimization is associated with negative attitudes towards another victimized group (Volltext via scihub)

Aus der Studie:

Studies 1 and 2 investigated these processes among members of two minority groups (Sub-Saharan African immigrants and Muslims) focusing on their attitudes towards another minority group (Jews). In these two studies, the expected association between sense of collective victimhood and negative attitudes—secondary anti-Semitism in both studies and primary anti-Semitism only in Study 2—towards an out-group that was not involved in the historical victimization of the in-group was obtained. Further, these studies showed that this association was explained through a path involving a sense of lack of societal recognition for in-group victimhood, associated with the attribution of this lack of in-group recognition to out-group recognition. Competitive victimhood (over the severity of groups‘ sufferings) was positively associated with all the variables of interest in both studies and with both primary and secondary anti-Semitism. However, in Study 1, and in Study 2 when secondary anti-Semitism was measured, it did not contribute to mediate this link over and above these two variables bearing on recognition. Yet, in Study 2, when primary anti-Semitism was measured among Muslim participants, competitive victimhood proved to be a better mediator than the “recognition” causal path. However, this latter path, as well as other paths involving recognition variables, still significantly and independently mediated the effect. This suggests that the competition bore on the societal recognition of in-group victimhood rather than on the severity of the suffering itself. Moreover, these effects were obtained while controlling for the effect of in-group identification, and only for the out-group perceived as benefitting from more victimhood recognition.

Um so sehr man also um eine Opferstellung in Konkurrenz tritt um so weniger nimmt man Nachteile für andere Gruppen wahr.
Es wäre interessant diese Studie noch einmal in Bezug auf den Feminismus zu wiederholen, da gerade im intersektionalen Feminismus ja sehr viele verschiedene Opfergruppen zu beachten sind und gegenseitig um Aufmerksamkeit kämpfen. Und ein Anlass für Streitigkeiten scheint auch immer wieder zu sein, dass die eine Gruppe meint, dass ihr eigener „Struggle“ nicht hinreichend von den anderen Vertretern gewürdigt wird. Etwas abgefangen wird das vielleicht durch eine Form der „internen Hierarchie“, bei der mir Rassismus ganz oben zu stehen scheint, andere Beeinträchtigungen dann wieder tiefer.

Jedenfalls scheint es nachvollziehbar, dass in einem solchen Übermaß an konkurrierenden Opferstellungen keine zusätzlichen geduldet werden.

Aus einem anderen Text über die Studie:

The underpinnings of much the modern-day Oppression Olympics comes in the form of intersectionality, which argues that various forms of oppression against minority groups are interconnected. The intention was to create coalitions of people to understand where other people come from and how their experiences and their identity could help defeat The System. This creates various ghost-like figures, such as „The Patriarchy“ or „the Zionists,“ who are responsible for the oppression of others. However, intersectionality has forced people of different backgrounds to compete as to who has been oppressed more and for others to get in line if their identity could possibly result in someone else’s poor fortune.

Not only is this idea categorically stupid, but it has been clinically proven to create less empathetic individuals. Ask any conservative on a college campus if this makes sense and they would have a two-word answer: No s**t.

Insofern durchaus eine interessante Studie. Statt dafür zu sorgen, dass alle Diskriminierungen und ihre Auswirkungen aufeinander beachtet werden führt es eher zu einem Wettkampf und zu fehlender Empathie für alle, die man nicht als eigene oder wichtig ansieht.