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Tag: 22. April 2022
Dinge vs. Menschen: Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Berufsinteressen und Berufspräferenzen
Ein interessante Studie zu Berufsinteressen und Berufspräferenzen und deren geschlechtliche Unterschiede:
Things versus People: Gender Differences in VocationalInterests and in Occupational PreferencesAbstractOccupational choices remain strongly segregated by gender, for reasons not yet fully understood. In this paper, we use detailed information on the cognitive requirements in 130 distinct learnable occupations in the Swiss apprenticeship system to describe the broad job content in these occupations along the things-versus-people dimension. We first show that our occupational classification along this dimension closely aligns with actual job tasks, taken from an independent data source on employers’ job advertisements. We then document that female apprentices tend to choose occupations that are oriented towards working with people, while male apprentices tend to favor occupations that involve working with things. In fact, our analysis suggests that this variable is by any statistical measure among the most important proximate predictors of occupational gender segregation. In a further step, we replicate this finding using individual-level data on both occupational aspirations and actual occupational choices for a sample of adolescents at the start of 8th grade and the end of 9th grade, respectively. Using these additional data, we finally also show that the gender difference in occupational preferences is largely independent of individual, parental, and regional controls.
Also aus dem Abstract herausgegriffen:
Wir belegen dann, dass weibliche Auszubildende eher Berufe wählen, die auf die Arbeit mit Menschen ausgerichtet sind, während männliche Auszubildende eher Berufe bevorzugen, die mit Dingen zu tun haben. Unsere Analyse deutet darauf hin, dass diese Variable statistisch gesehen zu den wichtigsten proximalen Prädiktoren für die berufliche Geschlechtersegregation gehört.
Aus der Studie:

Wie man sieht ist die Ecke Links unten quasi leer, weil es wenig ganz auf Personen bezogene Tätigkeiten gibt, die einen niedrigen Frauenanteil haben. Und die Ecke Rechts oben ist ebenfalls quasi leer, weil es wenige Tätigkeiten gibt, die sehr Dinge bezogen sind, aber einen hohen Frauenanteil haben.
Die Größe des Kreises zeigt an wie viele Angebote für die entsprechende Tätigkeit auf dem Markt sind.
Die Trennung ist insofern in der Tat sehr deutlich.
Weiter aus der Studie:
Aus der Studie:
Again, the first specification of table 5 simply regresses the things orientation of an adoles- cent’s actual occupational choice on the female dummy. This yields an estimate of b β=−1.691 with an standard error of 0.068; somewhat smaller, though not significantly so, than the corre- sponding estimate from table 4. Thus, in the unconditional case we find a similar sized gender difference along the things-versus-people dimension for occupational aspirations as well as occupational choices. As evident from column 2, adding individual-level controls has only a small impact on the estimate of β, which becomes somewhat smaller than in the unconditional case (b β=−1.664, robust standard error of 0.070). Again, this parallels the corresponding result related to occupational aspirations from table 4.
Results differ somewhat between occupational choices and aspirations when we further add parental-level controls and the corresponding interaction terms with the female dummy, as done in column 3 of table 5. In the case of actual occupational choices, both the F-test associated with the interaction terms between the female dummy and parents’ education
(F= 2.437, p = 0.024) and with the interaction terms between the female dummy and parental occupation (F= 2.921, p < 0.001) turns out to be statistically significant, suggesting that parental background does have some differential impact on the things-intensity of actual occupational choices between girls and boys.
In general, however, the impact of parental background remains very limited, as the gender difference in occupational choices along the things-people dimension shows up across most attributes characterizing parental background. Thus one main conclusion from the analysis using individual-level data is that the gender difference in vocational interests is not driven by any of the controls at the individual or at the parental level, and that it already shows up in adolescents’ aspirations
Das lässt aber natürlich trotzdem die Frage offen worauf der Dinge – Personen Unterschied beruht. Ich würde sagen „prenatales Testosteron“, andere werden sagen Geschlechterrollen.