Werte in wissenschaftlichen Studien zu Geschlechterunterschieden

In diesem Artikel (der auch sonst noch interessantes bietet) findet sich etwas zu Werten, was man bestimmt noch häufiger nutzen kann, wenn man über Studien diskutiert:

One way to clarify discussions about differences in group averages is to put a specific number to them. Psychologists often use a precise number to express the size of sex differences, referred to as an „effect size,“ with the most common usage being the d statistic. A positive d value typically indicates that men are higher on a particular attribute; a negative value indicates that women are higher. The size of the d value establishes exactly how big the average sex difference is.

A d value near zero means that the sex difference is trivial. Once a d value reaches +/- 0.20, psychologists take notice. A d value of -0.20, for instance, indicates that 58 percent of women are higher than the average man on a psychological trait. These are considered „small“ effect sizes. Sex differences in interpersonal trust, conformity, and general verbal ability reside in this range.

A d value of +0.50 is considered „moderate“ and indicates that 69 percent of men are higher than the average woman on a particular attribute. Sex differences in spatial rotation skills, certain mathematics abilities (3-dimensional geometry and calculus), and task-oriented leadership (focusing on accomplishing a group goal rather than maintaining harmony within the group) reside within this size range.

A d value of -0.80 is considered „large“ and indicates that 79 percent of women are higher than the average man. Sex differences in tender-mindedness, being interested more in people than in things, and lack of interest in casual sex reside in this size range.

Larger d values are less common in psychology, but a value  of +1.00 indicates that 84 percent of men are higher than the average woman. Sex differences of this magnitude include differences in height, in expressing interest in engineering as an occupation, and in absence of sexual disgust (such as not feeling grossed out when hearing the neighbors having sex).

A d value of +2.00 indicates that 98 percent of men are higher than the average woman in a trait, about as close as researchers can get to finding a truly dimorphic difference. Sex differences in throwing ability, grip strength, and voice pitch are in this range.

Einige Artikel mit Effektstärken:

• Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen: Effektstärken
• Geschlechtsunterschiede beim räumliche Denken
• Mentale Rotation, Orientierung und Einparken
• Fähigkeiten in Verbindung mit den Hormonen (Östrogen / Testosteron)
• Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern bei der Sprache
• Messungen weltweiter Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Persönlichkeit
• Stressreaktionen bei Mann und Frau
• Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen in den „Big Five“
• Räumliches Denken als Voraussetzung für die Naturwissenschaften