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Selbermach Mittwoch 40 (23.12.2015)

So kurz vor Weihnachten: Was gibt es zu berichten?

Intelligenzverteilung: Mehr dumme, aber auch mehr sehr intelligente Männer als Frauen

Lawrence Summers verlor über die Aussage, dass im obersten Intelligenzbereich deutlich mehr Männer vorhanden sind als Frauen seinen Job als Universitätspräsident in Hardvard.

Einen interessanten Artikel dazu fand ich hier:

 

The average IQ of men and women is, by definition, 100. Any questions that show a sex bias, favouring either men or women are removed from the test. However, despite this, the spread (variance) of IQ is different with more men having high IQs compared to women and also more low IQs compared to women. (…)

The difference in variance (regardless of whether there is a mean difference) will ipso facto result in more adult males scoring highly than adult females, provided the sample is large enough and the test ceiling is high enough to allow the males to outscore the females. For instance, at the near-genius level (an IQ of 145), very bright men outnumber very bright women by 8 to 1.

Dazu enthält der Artikel zwei interessante Grafiken:

Hier sieht man gut, dass Männer an beiden Enden überproportional vertreten sind. Es gibt wesentlich mehr Männer mit einem niedrigen IQ als  Frauen, es gibt wesentlich mehr Männer mit einem sehr hohen IQ Männer als  Frauen.

 

Beim Test auf gernelle Intelligenz ergibt sich ein ähnliches Bild, was den oberen Intelligenzbereich angeht. Die Kurve, die das Verhältnis von Mann zu Frau angibt macht ebenfalls deutlich, dass mit steigender Intelligenz das Verhältnis zu Lasten der Frauen sinkt.

Aus dem Text weiter:

in 2014, after more than 50 consecutive male winners, a Fields Medal (the top mathematics prize) went to a female mathematician.  If you tossed a coin 51 times, your probability of 50 tails then a head would be less than one in 2,250,000,000,000,000.  Are we to believe that only explanation for these staggering odds is sexism?

Genius is not just a question of talent.  Geniuses are also ruthless, single minded and driven. A combination of all these traits isunstoppable.  The same relative shortage of female genius is discovered in lists of science Nobel Prize winners and in most other objective and meritocratic measure of accomplishment where men and women are free to compete for the prize.  This is not denying that there are many very bright women and some female geniuses.  There are just fewer women than men in this category.

To get a first class degree from an elite university requires a certain amount of risk taking in answering key questions.  One must be prepared to take a little travelled path of logic and try something genuinely new and ground breaking; to be prepared to risk ridicule or abject failure for the small chance of greatness; to believe that you are right and stake and substantiate your ground when everybody else believes in something more obvious, more mundane and more intuitive. Testosterone, as we all know, causes males of the species across the animal kingdom to flaunt risk taking and aggressive behaviour.  As well as exceptional intelligence would this not give an edge to the people at the brilliant end of the academic spectrum?  Brilliance, confidence, risk taking and even arrogance are the preserve of real genius.

In recent years we have seen a University education expanded from about 8% of the UK population to nearer 50% .  Logically we would expect there to be more female graduates today than in previous years.  The fact that men out-number women at the lower end of IQ variance will mean that at some point we will see more female than male graduates as University education is expanded.  In 2010-11, there were more female (55%) than male fulltime undergraduates (45%) enrolled at university.  This is consistent with the variance in IQ and g models.

Intelligenz wäre also die eine  Sache, dazu würde die höhere Risikobereitschaft von Männern kommen und eben auch das höhere Interesse an Status bzw. die höhere Bereitschaft dafür die Life-Work-Balance zu Lasten von Work zu verändern (vgl. bei Hochbegabten bzw in den Schilderungen von Nüsslein-Volhart).

Im Text heißt es weiter:

Of course we must take every necessary step to ensure that boys and girls get the same opportunities in education and in life, but let’s also accept that those same opportunities will not necessarily produce the same outcomes. Economists who study patterns of discrimination have long argued (generally to no avail) that there is a crucial conceptual distinction between difference and discrimination. A departure from a 50-50 sex ratio in any profession does not, by itself, imply that we are seeing discrimination, unless the interests and aptitudes of the two groups are identical.

In der Tat: Dieser Unterschied kann nicht bedeuten, dass man Frauen nicht die gleichen Chancen gibt wie Männern. Beide sollten die Chance haben, das Beste aus ihrem Leben und ihren Fähigkeiten zu machen.

 

 

http://alfin2100.blogspot.de/2010/05/more-smart-men-than-smart-women.html