In einem Kommentar wurde auf die verschiedenen Typen von Vergewaltigern hingewiesen:
The Power Assertive Rapist (30%)
This is the type who will claim to have a weapon but will only use it to ensure the victim’s cooperation. With 44% of all rapes falling under this category it is the most common of all forms of rape. Precipitating factor is desire to dominate an impersonal sex partner on 20-25 day cycle; cruises singles bars, the internet, acts macho; may repeat on same victim
Also der Wunsch, den starken Mann zu geben und einmal dominant und am besten unangreifbar zu sein. Letztendlich der Wunsch hoch in der Hierarchie zu stehen, Macht zu haben, würde ich vermuten.
Anger Retaliation Rapist (24%)
This is different because the perpetrator is actually out to punish women. Often carrying hate towards women this type of perpetrator will often substantially injure victims to the point where they require medical intervention or hospitalization. Precipitating factor is perceived injustice at hands of women on 6-12 month cycle; sees self as athletic and masculine, action-oriented; uses blitz attack.These men are so angry, especially at women, that the only way for them to deal with their anger is to act out sexually toward women. Many of these can be found in chatrooms on the interent voicing a general hatred for women.
Hier wäre also Rache und Wut der Grund, eine stellvertretende Bestrafung der Frau, wohl auch im sich wieder stark zu fühlen.
The Power Reassurance or Opportunity Rapist (30%)
This is one who takes advantage of an opportunity to commit a rape. This is done in conjunction with another crime such as burglary, robbery or kidnapping. Precipitating factor is loneliness and lack of self-esteem on 7-15 day cycle; neighborhood nonviolent attacks; keeps souvenirs, thinks victim liked it
Klingt nach meiner Meinung sehr nach einer stark reduzierten Empathie. Sonst würde man wohl nicht annehmen, dass die Frau es wollte.
Anger Excitement Rapist, Sadistic. (16%)
This perpetrator wants his victim to be hurt. Often victims are killed. Almost all murder/rapes take place at the hands of these criminals. Precipitating factor is need to express fantasy; compulsive in personal appearance; carries rape kit; learns better ways to stalk, and will eventually kill. These predators crawl the internet as well, looking for victims.
Der Sadist will quälen. Er braucht das Opfer, da er dieses mehr quälen kann und sich weniger zurückhalten muss.
The Pedophile
Pedophilia has peculiar characteristics. It is regarded as an incurable condition in which the preferred sexual object (or fetish) is a child, but it also involves some obsessive-compulsive characteristics similar to the fantasy-driven cycles of serial killers. The pedophile may be any adult, male or female, heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, married, or single.
Der Pädophile kann seine Vorlieben letztendlich nur über solche Taten befriedigen, da sie eben illegal sind.
Weitere Ausführungen zu einer solchen Typologie habe ich in einem Artikel gefunden:
Rape of women by men has occurred throughout recorded history and across cultures. In this article, we discussrape from an evolutionary psychological perspective. Evolutionary psychology is a powerful heuristic tool that allows researchers to develop and test novel hypotheses about complex behaviorssuch asrape. Some researchers have argued that men have evolved psychologicalmechanismsthatmotivate themto rape in specific contexts.We discuss evidence consistent with this claim, and argue that a more nuanced view of men’s rape behavior is necessary. We propose that it may be useful to characterize rapists as belonging to one ofseveral types, distinguished by individual differences as well as by the circumstancesinwhich they are predicted to commitrape.We discussresearch evidence in support of each rapist type, as well as the need for future research. Finally, we discuss research concerning women’s rape-avoidance psychology and behavior.
Quelle: Why Do Men Rape? An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective
Da finden sich die folgenden Typen (wieder):
Disadvantaged Men
The first hypothesized rapist type includes men who are motivated to rape if they have no other means of securing copulations. This may be referred to as the disadvantaged male hypothesis. This hypothesis also has been referred to as the mate deprivation hypothesis (Lalumie´re, Chalmers, Quinsey, & Seto, 1996). It is supported by data indicating thatrapes are committed disproportionately by men with low socioeconomic status (Kalichman, Williams, Cherry,Belcher, & Nachimson, 1998; Thornhill & Thornhill, 1983). Furthermore, Krill, Lake, and Platek (2006) presented evidence that men convicted of rape display lower facial symmetry, an indicator of poor genetic quality. Facial symmetry islinked positively with physical and psychological health (Shackelford & Larsen, 1997), and men with lower facialsymmetry are perceived asless attractive and asless desirable mates (Gangestad & Thornhill, 1999; Gangestad,Thornhill,&Yeo, 1994). Deprived ofmates by normal means,some men may resort to rape. Identification of such a rapist type, however, would not necessarily imply a conditionalstrategy for rape. One can imagine that when reproductive opportunities are dismal, some men might be motivated to take more risks in all domains, with one domain being sexual assertiveness, which might lead to rape.
Es leuchtet bei evolutionärer Betrachtung ein, dass bestimte Männer, die sonst nicht hoch im Kurs stehen würden und voraussichtlich keine Partnerin abbekommen, eher zu Vergewaltigungen neigen würden.
Specialized Rapists
Another type of rapist may be the specialized rapist. Men in this group are distinguished by being sexually aroused by violent sexual stimuli. These men may possess a psychology that produces differences in sexual arousal in response to depictions of rapes versus depictions of consensual sex. Because rape carries high potential costs for the rapist, particularly if caught in the act, rapists with a psychology that motivated quicker arousal and ejaculation during rape might have been more successful than men who did not possess such a psychology (Thornhill & Palmer, 2000). Support for the existence ofthis hypothesized group has been generated by investigating whether men are aroused by depictions of rape versus depictions of casual sex. Meta-analyses indicate that convicted rapists demonstrate greater sexual arousal to scenes of sexual coercion involving force than do nonrapists (Hall, Shondrick, & Hirschman, 1993; Lalumie´re & Quinsey, 1994; Thornhill & Thornhill, 1992)
Das wäre also die Theorie, dass einige Männer von sexuellen Gewaltdarstellungen eher erregt sind und damit solche „Gelegenheiten“ zur Fortpflanzung besser nutzen kann.
Opportunistic Rapists
The third hypothesized rapist type is the opportunistic rapist. These men generally seek out receptive women, but might shift to sexual coercion and rape if women are not receptive, or if the associated costs,such as injury orretaliation by the victim, the victim’s family, or society, are particularly low. All rapists are predicted to be attuned to a potential victim’s vulnerability, but an opportunistic rapist is especially so. The universality of laws and societal norms prohibiting rape (wife rape being a special exception; see below) indicates an appreciation that men are more likely to rape when the costs are low (Palmer, 1989; Thornhill & Palmer, 2000). The fact that rapes regularly occur during wartime has been presented as evidence of the assessment of victim vulnerability and decreased likelihood of detection (e.g., Gottschall, 2004). Men in war are likely to have lowered costs of committing rape, because punishment or retaliation is less likely. The evidence for the existence of this type of rapist, however, is minimal. Theft also is common during war, and for the same reason: punishment or retaliation is unlikely. Support for this hypothesized type may be seen in research demonstrating that women with family members, particularly adult male family members, living nearby are much less likely to be physically assaulted by their partner(Figueredo et al., 2001; Kanin, 1957). This suggests that potential rapists are attending to the probability of retaliation by a victim’s adult male family members.
Der opportunistische Vergewaltiger wäre also zumindest unterbewußt auf der Suche nach einer guten Gelegenheit, die eine geringe Wahrscheinlichkeit der Entdeckung und Bestrafung hat.
High-Mating-Effort Rapists
A fourth hypothesized rapist type isthe highmating-effort rapist. High-mating-effort rapists, in contrast to othertypes,such as disadvantaged rapists, appear to be more sexually experienced (Lalumie`re & Quinsey, 1996). These rapists may be characterized as aggressive, dominant, and having high self-esteem. Such rapists often may be characterized as psychopathic (Lalumie`re, Harris, Quinsey, & Rice, 2005). Lalumie`re et al. argue that high mating effort is an important facet of psychopathy. They argue that although most men appear to deploy mating strategies according to environmental contexts, psychopathic men deploy a high-mating-effort strategy in most contexts, pursuing many partners with little investment, and using coercion and rape when noncoercive tacticsfail. There is evidence that psychopathic men display lower fluctuating asymmetry, an index of overall fitness (Lalumie`re, Harris, & Rice, 2001), further distinguishing thisrapist type from others,such as the disadvantaged rapist
In dieser Betrachtung wäre Vergewaltigung als evolutionärer Strategie ein Weg um mit wenig Werbekosten und Aufwand (aber hohem Risiko) viel Nachwuchs zu bekommen.
Partner Rapists
A final hypothesized rapist type includes men motivated to rape their partners under conditions of increased sperm competition risk. Sperm competition is the competition that can occur between the sperm of different malesto a female’s eggs (Parker, 1970). The outcome of sperm competition is biased in favor of males who produce greater numbers ofsperm (Parker, 1970, 1982; Pound et al., 1982). Rape in response to increased risk ofsperm competition is most likely to occur when a man learns or suspects that his long-term partner recently has been sexually unfaithful(Thornhill&Thornhill, 1992).
Das wäre also die Strategie, eine möglichst umfassende Spermienkonkurrenz bei einem (vermuteten) fremdgehen zu bewirken.
Alles Evolution 