Tag: 7. Oktober 2012

Die dunkle Triade („Dark Triad“) als evolutionäre Kurzzeitpaarungsstrategie

/ Christian - Alles Evolution / 35 Kommentare

Ein interessantes Konzept ist die „dunkle Triade“:

The Dark Triad is a group of three personality traits: narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy, all of which are interpersonally aversive.[1][2][3] The Dark Triad refers to three theoretically distinct but empirically overlapping personality constructs.[4][5] The term reflects the perception that these three diagnostic categories, have at least some common underlying factors:[6][7] The narcissistic personality (in the clinical sense) is characterized by a grandiose self-view, a sense of entitlement, lack of empathy, and egotism. On some theories, such as Kohut’s, it is associated with protection of a radically weak, shamed, or damaged self.[8] The Machiavellian personality is characterized by manipulation and exploitation of others, with a cynical disregard for morality and a focus on self-interest and deception.[9] The psychopath, or antisocial personality, is characterized by impulsive thrill-seeking, and in its „primary“ form by selfishness, callousness, lack of personal affect, superficial charm, and remorselessness. All three characters involve a callous-manipulative interpersonal style,[10] and are considered aversive. Jakobwitz and Egan carried out a factor analysis and found agreeableness strongly dissociated with all dark triad personality types, but other factors (neuroticism, lack of conscientiousness) were associated only with some members of the triad. However, more recent evidence suggests that agreeableness has nothing to do with the core of the Dark Triad. Instead the common variance is accounted for by callousness and manipulation,[11] otherwise known as „Factor 1“ of psychopathy according to Hare.[12] In other words, once callousness and manipulation are accounted for, the Dark Triad are unrelated to each other.

Es sind also bestimmte Persönlichkeitsmerkmale, die gerade in der Kombination eine gewisse Wirkung entfalten sollen. Zur Herleitung hat die Wikipedia das Folgende:

Most work on the Dark Triad points to correlations with aggression,[28] racism,[29] and bullying.[30] for evidence of the aversive nature of these traits. In general, most researchers treat these traits as pathological, something that needs to be treated, and inherently bad. However, some argue that this view of the traits is the result of researchers having an implicit group selection orientation towards personality traits. [edit]As mating strategy Moreover, the time-course of the benefits are an important consideration. These traits appear to predispose individuals to short-term rewards and relationships over long-term rewards and benefits. Although advanced societies attempt to promote long-term thinking (environmental protection, saving money for retirement), there are reproductive benefits for the individual for thinking and acting on a shorter time-course.[31] Consistent with this perspective, those high on the Dark Triad tend to have an accelerated mating strategy, reporting more sex partners, more favorable attitudes towards casual sex,[31] lowered standards in their short-term mates,[32] a tendency to steal or poach mates from others,[33] more risk-taking in the form of substance abuse,[34] a tendency to prefer immediate but smaller amounts of money over delayed but larger amounts of money,[35] limited self-control and ADHD symptoms[36] and a pragmatic and game-playing love style.[37] These traits have been identified as part of a fast life strategy that appears to be enacted by an exploitative, opportunistic, and protean approach to life in general[38] and at work.[39] However, the research pertaining to the Dark Triad as a mating strategy is based almost exclusively on college students, which limites generalizability. Further, there is research to suggest empirical inconsistency. For example, using established measures of the Dark Triad, these traits are not universally short term oriented [40] nor are they all impulsive.[41] In addition, much of the research reported pertaining to the Dark Triad cited in the above paragraph is based on statistical procedures that erroneously assume the Dark Triad are a single construct, in spite of genetic [42] and meta-analytic evidence to the contrary.[43] Readers are especially cautioned against drawing conclusions based on research that: (a) is solely represented by student samples while claiming to study evolutionary or mating research, (b) rely only on self-report data when analyzing personality traits known for interpersonal deception.

Zu dem Thema auch die folgenden Artikel:

Heartiste fasst es wie folgt:

Narcisisstic, irrational self-confidence is more attractive to women than modest, rational defeatism. (See: Poon Commandment XI) – Being a rule breaker (a form of psychopathy) is attractive to women. (Playing by the rules will win you plaudits from polite society, but it won’t help you get pussy.) – Using people for personal gain is attractive to women – The Dark Triad works best for short term sexual hookups (the kinds of mating opportunities most men would jump at if they were easy to get). LTRs require a small but significant infusion of beta provider game to remain healthy and satisfying for any woman – Being disagreeable (an asshole, that is) is attractive to women. – Being power-hungry is attractive to women. – Never sweating the small stuff is attractive to women. – In other words, being an aloof, uncaring asshole — an amalgamation of all the above traits — makes you optimally attractive to the greatest number of hot chicks. – Contrary to feminist flailing to gender equalize the attractiveness of assholes by claiming that men prefer bitches, this study conclusively shows that the Dark Triad suite of asshole traits works better for men than it does for women. That is, men don’t dig bitches. – None of the above would ever be admitted by women, so don’t bother asking them.

Hier noch zwei Studien zu dem Thema:

This survey (N ¼ 224) found that characteristics collectively known as the Dark Triad (i.e. narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism) were correlated with various dimensions of short-term mating but not long-term mating. The link between the Dark Triad and shortterm mating was stronger for men than for women. The Dark Triad partially mediated the sex difference in short-term mating behaviour. Findings are consistent with a view that the Dark Triad facilitates an exploitative, short-term mating strategy in men. Possible implications, including that Dark Triad traits represent a bundle of individual differences that promote a reproductively adaptive strategy are discussed. Findings are discussed in the broad context of how an evolutionary approach to personality psychology can enhance our understanding of individual differences

Quelle:   The Dark Triad: Facilitating a Short-Term Mating Strategy in Men (Volltext/PDF)

Und die zweite Studie:

The Dark Triad – narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy – have traditionally been considered to be undesirable traits. However, emerging work suggest that not only may there be a positive side to possessing these traits but they may also serve important adaptive functions, even if the strategies associated with them are viewed as socially undesirable. In an online survey (N = 336), we investigated the costs and benefits of the Dark Triad within the domain of mating psychology. The social style and lower order personality traits of the Dark Triad traits facilitated increased mateships in the form of poaching mates from others and being poached oneself to form mateships, pointing to possible benefits of possessing the Dark Triad traits. However, the costside was evidenced with rates of mates abandoning their current relationship for a new one. Mate retention is a problem faced by those with these traits and the tactics used to retain mates were characteristic of the Dark Triad: aggressive and narcisstic. Results are discussed using an adaptionist paradigm

Quelle: The costs and benefits of the Dark Triad: Implications for mate poaching and mate retention tactics

Gerade die letzte Studie macht deutlich, dass es eine Kurzzeitstrategie ist. Die Männer werden in der Regel eben auch schnell wieder verlassen, weil sie nicht ausgeglichen genug sind.