Warum verdienen verheiratete Männer mehr als Singlemänner?

Eine Studie, die untersucht, warum verheiratete Männer mehr verdienen als Singlemänner, auch noch sehr passend, da die Situation in Deutschland untersucht wird:

This article investigates how marriage affects the wages of men in Germany. A variety of reasons have been proposed for why married men earn higher wages than single men; however, previous tests of the leading explanations have been inconclusive. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, it is found that married men enjoy a wage premium even after controlling for self-selection into marriage. In contrast to the popular household specialization hypothesis, men do not substantially reduce their housework time following marriage; neither does the housework time significantly affect the wage rate. This finding contrasts the prevailing view that the wage differential between married and single men results from the division of labour within the household. However, men married to non-working partners receive a larger wage premium than men married to full-time working wives. It is further shown that married men feel less satisfied with their financial situation as compared to their single counterparts. These results indicate that a lower level of pay satisfaction induce married men to put more effort into their work, which leads to higher wages.

Quelle: Marriage and Earnings: Why Do Married Men Earn More than Single Men?

Die Studie kommt also zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich die Männer mehr anstrengen und daher auch mehr verdienen. Es könnten sich hier also die längere Arbeitszeit der Männer und die Überstunden auswirken.

Klar, die meisten Männer mit Frauen, die nicht arbeiten, werden kleine Kinder haben. Und damit ist das Familienhaus abzuzahlen, die Zukunft für die Kinder abzusichern, die Ausbildung anzusparen, der Familienurlaub muss finanziert werden etc.

Sexuelle Orientierung und Persönlichkeitsmerkmale

Eine Studie untersucht, welche Zusammenhänge sich zwischen der sexuellen Orientierung und den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen feststellen lassen:

The relation between sexual orientation and personality was examined in a meta-analysis with a total sample of 2,724 heterosexual men, 799 gay men, 157 bisexual men, 5,053 heterosexual women, 697 lesbian women, and 317 bisexual women. Self-ascribed masculinity-femininity (Self-M-F) and gender-related interests showed the largest heterosexual-homosexual differences (respective ds = .60 and 1.28 for men, and -1.28 and -1.46 for women) and the largest sex differences (respective ds = 2.83 and 2.65). Instrumentality and expressiveness showed much smaller heterosexual-homosexual and sex differences. Big Five traits showed a number of small-to-moderate heterosexual-homosexual and sex differences. Bisexual men were much more like gay men than like heterosexual men in their Self-M-F and gender-related interests, whereas bisexual women were intermediate between lesbian and heterosexual women. Homosexual participants were more variable on some gender-related traits than same-sex heterosexuals were. The gender inversion hypothesis-that gay men’s traits tend to be somewhat feminized and that lesbians‘ traits tend to be somewhat masculinized-received considerable support. Results are discussed in terms of biological and psychosocial theories of gender and sexual orientation.

Quelle: Sexual orientation and personality

Das wären so ziemlich auch die zu erwartenden Ergebnisse, wenn man davon ausgeht, dass die sexuelle Orientierung im wesentlichen auf pränatales Testosteron zurückzuführen ist und das Gehirn in dieser Hinsicht bei Geburt festgelegt ist.  Das eine gewisse Weiblichkeit bei Männern Homosexualität wahrscheinlicher macht, haben auch andere Studien bereits ergeben.

Internetkontaktanzeigen und Sexual Strategies Theory

Eine Studie hat ausgewertet, inwieweit bestimmte, evolutionär vorteilhafte Charakteristika in Internetkontaktanzeigen hervorgehoben werden:

Sexual Strategies Theory supposes that certain characteristics–namely, physical attractiveness in women and dominance and the ability to provide material resources in men–are highly desirable to potential mates because they are evolutionarily advantageous. However, socially based characteristics (e.g., positive personality traits, common interests) are also desirable in potential mates. It was predicted that people who are weaker on evolutionarily advantageous traits (i.e., less attractive women, less wealthy men) would emphasize alternative, socially desirable traits to compensate for these perceived deficiencies. One hundred fifty-one Internet personal advertisements were analyzed for attractiveness, income, mention of physical attributes, and mention of other positive personal characteristics. Results were generally consistent with predictions. In males, both wealth and attractiveness were related to decreased emphasis on other positive personal characteristics, while in women, emphasis on physical attributes (but not objectively rated physical attractiveness) was negatively related to emphasis on other positive personal characteristics.

Quelle: Sexual strategies theory and Internet personal advertisements

„Emphasis on physical attributes“ ist eine schöne Umschreibung dafür, dass Frauen ihre Körper gezeigt haben. Ein nicht geringer Teil werden dabei meiner Vermutung schlicht die Brüste gewesen sein. Was ja auch Sinn macht, wenn man bedenkt, dass sie aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach genau dazu in dieser Form bestehen, also im Wege der sexuellen Selektion ein Attraktivitätsmerkmal zur Bewertung von Symmetrie, Fruchtbarkeit und Jugend darstellen.

Bei den Männern steht insoweit Reichtum für Status und Ressourcen und Attraktivität für gute Gene.

Zumindest in der Vorstellung der Geschlechter, was die andere Seite interessant findet, zeigt sich insoweit wenig überraschendes.